identity politics. The most infamous use of this expression was by the Nazis in the early- and mid-twentieth century. You're listening to a sample of the Audible audio edition. Your argument is essentially that identity politics does matter not. Quote: In the state, on the other hand, where man is regarded as a species-being, he is the imaginary member of an illusory sovereignty, is deprived of his real individual life and endowed with an unreal universality.. I would like to open our discussion by highlighting two of Marxs concepts from On The Jewish Question: human emancipation and species-being. So then, holding on to the debased categories: what would a real humanism be? Something went wrong. The Jewish Question: History of a Marxist Debate (Historical Materialism) [Traverso, Enzo] on Amazon.com. callback: cb listeners: [], Of course, Marx isnt talking about an inter-state order in The Jewish Question. But I think its important for us to bring his ideas into that context. Although the state is a form of alienation, what is embodied in the state is absolutely essential the question is how to render this from the abstract (formal) to the concrete (actual). (certainly our current limited sense of political sovereignty cant be the answer). It hardly needs to be said that although conspiracies do occasionally occur, conspiracy theories are the lowest form of intellectual enterprise. #31: How can we get on the fast track to wisdom? [16] Finally the government implemented the systematic extermination of the Jewish people (The Holocaust),[17] which took place as the so-called Final Solution to the Jewish Question.[5][18][a]. print. Read instantly on your browser with Kindle for Web. If youre misguided enough to play identity politics, whether on the left or the right, then you require a victim (in the right-wing case, European culture or some variant) and a perpetrator (Jews). Jewish people are over-represented in positions of competence and authority because, as a group, they have a higher mean IQ. Mathematically, scientifically and logically, we should not exist. Last year, this seminar spent much time discussing the concept of sovereignty, and the importance of this concept for thinking about inequality in the international order, particularly as it pertains to the category of third world sovereignty. The difficult task is to think through the relation between actual institutions e.g. : "The 'Jewish Question', "Hitler's speech to the Reichstag of January 30, 1939", Unanswered Questions: Nazi Germany and the Genocide of the Jews, "From Theology to Sociology: Bruno Bauer and Karl Marx on the Question of Jewish Emancipation", "Nuremberg Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor", "When did Hitler decide on the Final Solution? /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] He is perfectly willing to talk about it among a small group of people in private. Dawidowicz writes that "the histories of Jewish emancipation and of European antisemitism are replete with proffered 'solutions to the Jewish question. These are two very different kinds of discourses which imply different ways of thinking about the political and the social. Second, if Jews are high IQ, and that means they are more likely to be in positions of power, that would explain their prevalence. According to Deutscher, Marx's idea of socialism and of the classless and stateless society expressed in the essay is as universal as Spinoza's ethics and God. They implemented what they called their "Final Solution to the Jewish question" through the Holocaust during World War II, when they attempted to exterminate Jews in Europe. American military officer and celebrity Charles A. Lindbergh used the phrase repeatedly in public speeches and writing. window.mc4wp = window.mc4wp || { WebMARX ON THE JEWISH QUESTION: A META-CRITICAL ANALYSIS 1. This is a straightforward matter. Author of Up in the Air & Beyond Reason available on AMAZON | MA McGill Uni | Research assistant for EUROPEUM Prague | 550+ blog posts with 1+ mil. Jews priviliege others Jews with access to power, money, and positions to perpetuate Jewish influence in America. Required fields are marked *. on: function(evt, cb) { The metaphor of re-absorption is about a fulfillment of this abstract universality in a concrete emancipation: Quote: Only when the real, individual man re-absorbs in himself the abstract citizen, and as an individual human being has become a species-being in his everyday life, in his particular work, and in his particular situation, only when man has recognized and organized his own powers as social powers, and, consequently, no longer separates social power from himself in the shape of political power, only then will human emancipation have been accomplished.. Why didnt God give him a logical or reasonable answer? The Jew has emancipated himself in a Jewish manner, not only because he has acquired financial power, but also because, through him and also apart from him, money has become a world power and the practical Jewish spirit has become the practical spirit of the Christian nations. [6] [John T.] Flynn says he does not question the truth of what I said at Des Moines,[20] but feels it was inadvisable to mention the Jewish problem. What I think he is forcing us to confront here is the idea that emancipation must happen at the level of both the state and civil society (the market is contained within here) simultaneously. [1] According to Holocaust scholar Lucy Dawidowicz, the term "Jewish Question," as introduced in western Europe, was a neutral expression for the negative attitude toward the apparent and persistent singularity of the Jews as a people against the background of the rising political nationalism and new nation-states. We never have. On the Jewish Question - Karl Marx, anti-Semitism and the War against the West (Conservative Social Theory). Maccoby writes that in later years, Marx limited what he considers to be antipathy towards Jews to private letters and conversations because of strong public identification with anti-Semitism by his political enemies both on the left (Pierre-Joseph Proudhon and Mikhail Bakunin) and on the right (aristocracy and the Church). Top subscription boxes right to your door, 1996-2023, Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates, Learn more how customers reviews work on Amazon. If we want to think of something like self-determination of peoples, as a form of emancipation, is sovereignty an adequate category for that? As an example, he referred to the pervasiveness of religion in the United States, which, unlike Prussia, had no state religion. WebOn September 16, 1919, Hitler issues his first written comment on the so-called Jewish Question. Stephen J. Greenblatt: Marlowe, Marx, and Anti-Semitism, in: Y. Peled: From theology to sociology: Bruno Bauer and Karl Marx on the question of Jewish emancipation, in: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-5037%28196407%2F09%2925%3A3%3C445%3AMAJE%3E2.0.CO%3B2-1, Karl Marx and the Radical Critique of Anti-Semitism, Marx and the Radical Critique of difference, VIII. We cannot live by numbers. As of 2008 Otto Dov Kulka's works are out of print, but the following may be useful and is available on microfilm: "JQ stands for the 'Jewish Question,' an anti-Semitic conspiracy theory that Jewish people have undue influence over the media, banking and politics that must somehow be addressed" (Christopher Mathias, Jenna Amatulli, Rebecca Klein, 2018, History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire, Institute for studying the Jewish Questions, The Wartime Journals of Charles A. Lindbergh, David Nirenberg Anti-Judaism: The Western Tradition, "The following essay, by Prof. Otto Dov Kulka, is based on the introduction to Rena R. Auerbach, ed. This fellow won the lottery. [11], Josef Ringo proposed the establishment of a Jewish state in his 1917 The Jewish question in its historical context and proposals for its solution (Die Judenfrage in ihrem geschichtlichen Zusammenhang und Vorschlge ihrer Lsung). , Item Weight Then, in 1845, Friedrich Engels and Marx published a polemic critique of the Young Hegelians titled The Holy Family. Zur Judenfrage was first published by Marx and Arnold Ruge in February 1844 in the DeutschFranzsische Jahrbcher, a journal which ran only one issue. In the second part of the essay (a part which is significantly shorter, yet the one most frequently discussed and quoted today), Marx disputes Bauer's "theological" analysis of Judaism and its relation to Christianity. He foresaw the establishment of a Zionist state in the place of Palestine as a "bloody trap" for Jews and wrote: "The salvation of the Jewish people is bound up inseparably with the overthrow of the capitalist system. Or is there some broader horizon of human emancipation that we need to be working at? According to Otto Dov Kulka[4] of Hebrew University, the term became widespread in the 19th century when it was used in discussions about Jewish emancipation in Germany (Judenfrage). Far from abolishing these real distinctions, the state only exists on the presupposition of their existence; it feels itself to be a political state and asserts its universality only in opposition to these elements of its being. The German Jews desire emancipation. Webreaction to his Jewish origin determined the direction of that rebellion: the field of economics. : The 'Final Solution' was Nazi German leader Adolf Hitler's Holocaust blueprint, which led to the systematic murder of 6 million Jews, as well as members of other minorities. He instructed Moses and Aaron to go to Pharoah and to deliver the Children of Israel from the land of Egypt.. Marx observes that so-called political emancipation is the highest form (and limit) of human emancipation under the existing capitalist/liberal state relations. Law, Justice, and Global Political Futures, Just Law: Intervention, Reparation, Emancipation | Law, Justice, and Global Political Futures, Just Law: Intervention, Reparation, Emancipation, notes from 4/20 seminar | Law, Justice, and Global Political Futures, discussion with Elizabeth Povinelli, Economies of Abandonment, notes from 2/3 seminar | Law, Justice, and Global Political Futures, discussion with Michael Ralph, Lifein the midst of death, Creative Commons (CC) license unless otherwise noted. Full content visible, double tap to read brief content. : It was written on the eve of World War II by a co-leader of the Russian revolution, a man of Jewish origin, at a time when millions of Jews were being evicted, imprisoned, and murdered in Europe. Simply put: if a very complex job or role requires an IQ of 145, three standard deviations above the mean and characteristic of less than one percent of the general population, then a group with a higher average IQ will be exceptionally over-represented in such enterprises. There was a problem loading your book clubs. We should have gone the way of the ancient Pharaohs and become a bunch of mummies. Marx understands species-being as the form in which man is conscious of himself as mankind. Species-being is the form of sociality for Marx, comparable to the social contract in Enlightenment political thought, or to Kants notion of a social compact between nations as the form of sociality at the global level. Between 1880 and 1920, millions of Jews created their own solution for the pogroms of eastern Europe by emigration to other places, primarily the United States and western Europe. : Bruno Bauer replies to them: nobody in Germany is politically How Can We Desire Something Better for Ourselves? Discover more of the authors books, see similar authors, read author blogs and more. Your email address will not be published. The players of identity politics on the far right continue ever-so-pathologically to beat the anti-Semitic drum, pointing to the over-representation New York: W. W. Norton & Company. Reviewed in the United States on October 8, 2006, What a power-packed little booklet of golden analysis and prognosis. It is difficult for me to understand Flynn's attitude. In his book For Marx (1965), Louis Althusser claims that in On the Jewish Question, Hegels Philosophy of the State, etc., and even usually in The Holy Family () Marx was merely applying the theory of alienation, that is, Feuerbachs theory of human nature, to politics and the concrete activity of man, before extending it (in large part) to political economy in the Manuscripts. In Marx's analysis, the "secular state" is not opposed to religion, but rather actually presupposes it. In the final analysis, the emancipation of the Jews is the emancipation of mankind from Judaism. Its possible that we should be happy about this, rather than annoyed: is the fact that smart people are working hard for our mutual advancement really something to feel upset? More than 3,000 years ago, the Almighty laid down the ground rules for Jewish success. In the Talmud, it is known as kal vchomer. WebSecond, it distorts the argument of On the Jewish Question, in which Marx deconstructs liberal notions of emancipation. How is an opposition resolved? One standard deviation above the average is helpful it puts you in college but its nothing compared to three standard deviations (in part because of the operation of the Pareto principle). Bring your club to Amazon Book Clubs, start a new book club and invite your friends to join, or find a club thats right for you for free. So, the kind of question we might ask is: is the concept of state sovereignty working only at the level of political emancipation? He argued that Jews could achieve political emancipation only if they let go their religious consciousness, as he proposed that political emancipation required a secular state. Technological Slavery: Enhanced Edition (1), American Crusade: How the Supreme Court Is Weaponizing Religious Freedom. In Marx' view, Bauer fails to distinguish between political emancipation and human emancipation: as pointed out above, political emancipation in a modern state does not require the Jews (or, for that matter, the Christians) to renounce religion; only complete human emancipation would involve the disappearance of religion, but that is not yet possible, not "within the hitherto existing world order". } forms: { sv:I judefrgan Equal over-representation may also occur in political movements associated with the left, because high IQ is associated with Openness to Experience, which is in turn associated with liberal/left-leaning political proclivities. Does international law necessarily express the expedient interests of world powers, or does it retain a measure of autonomy, an opening for thinking about alternative global futures? Human emancipation involves an overcoming of mans alienation from himself as species-being, whether this alienation takes the form of God, State, or (as at the end of his essay) Money. } pt:Sobre a Questo Judaica On the Jewish Question. So, I figured 77 must be especially lucky. Nov. 26, 2007 12:01 am ET. For sociologist Robert Fine (2006)[28] Bauer's essay echoed the generally prejudicial representation of the Jew as merchant and moneyman, whereas window.mc4wp.listeners.push( At least, it must be attempted--and the embitterment grows with every petition that is rejected with protestations. Cb:VmeXZAiJ:>oF~{inU `m{~h$vdFpD9^BWW!-e{_zr;f6`bRjyWw4,OLqqd!cv[s5A-tS%+:v{^_llw,kDy/ }h[ S}+E_QDFQ2(+'Y %C3>Q$3. "Just as Hitler wanted a 'final solution' to the Jewish question, now, if you read Western politicians they clearly say Russia must suffer a strategic defeat." There are about 1.3 billion Catholics in the world, and that subreddit only has ~160,000 members. No conspiracy. The story is somewhat more complicated than that (which we also reviewed), but that covers the basics. The second half of Marx's essay, McLellan concludes, should be read as "an extended pun at Bauers expense."[23]. The Jew finds himself in religious opposition to the state, which recognizes Christianity as its basis. On the Jewish Question Paperback December 31, 1970 by Leon Trotsky (Author) 8 ratings See all formats and editions Paperback $5.00 3 Used from $2.50 2 New Yet, there are VASTLY more white gentiles that have equal or higher IQs than your average Jews. <> But before we get into that heres a statue of Marx! Why we send billions to Isarel every year. How could they ever go free? He has said so frequently and he says so now. The summary, therefore, is as follows: We must emancipated ourselves before we can emancipate others. Our ability to cover the most important issues in Israel and throughout the Jewish worldwithout the standard media biasdepends on the support of committed readers. Readers interested in such issues may also be interested in a broader recent critique of the idea of Jewish conspiracy:Judaism as a Group Evolutionary Strategy: A Critical Analysis of Kevin MacDonalds Theory. Marx asks, not just who should emancipate or who should be emancipated, but also: what kind of emancipation is involved? Openness to Experience is one of the five cardinal personality traits (Wikipedia will fill you in rapidly if you need more info). The work Die Freigabe der Vernichtung lebensunwerten Lebens (Allowing the Destruction of Life Unworthy of Living) by Karl Binding and Alfred Hoche and the pseudo-scholarship that was promoted by Gerhard Kittel also played a role. They stressed this in order to strengthen their demands to "de-jewify" the press, education, culture, state and economy. Thats the first problem Im seeing because even Jews dont believe that. And they did not listen to Moses because of their shortness of breath [or spirit] and the hard labor.. Please try your request again later. It is in this sense that [in a 1524 pamphlet] Thomas Mnzer declares it intolerable, that all creatures have been turned into property, the fishes in the water, the birds in the air, the plants on the earth; the creatures, too, must become free.[30]. Discussion of the meaning of sacrifice. [7], Karl Marx replied to Bauer in his 1844 essay On the Jewish Question. The editor Dagobert D. Runes intended to show Marx's alleged anti-Semitism. By Bernard Lewis. Learn more. WebHope that isnt too dumb a question! Ray translates a sentence of Zur Judenfrage and interprets it as an assimilationist position in which there is no room within emancipated humanity for Jews as a separate ethnic or cultural identity, and which advocates a society where both cultural as well as economic difference is eliminated. Sounds like a powerful and rather logical argument. There is no evidence whatsoever that Ashkenazi Jews are over-represented in any occupations/interests for reasons other than intelligence and the associated effects of intelligence on personality and political belief. A "Jewish problem" was euphemistically discussed in majority-European countries outside Europe, even as the Holocaust was in progress. The state abolishes, in its own way, distinctions of birth, social rank, education, occupation, when it declares that birth, social rank, education, occupation, are non-political distinctions, when it proclaims, without regard to these distinctions, that every member of the nation is an equal participant in national sovereignty, when it treats all elements of the real life of the nation from the standpoint of the state. /Font <> The war itself, Trotsky explains, was the fruit of rotting capitalism which survived thanks to the failed policies of Stalinist parties and pro-imperialist Social Democratic parties. What is the significance of Marxs conception of the relationship between state and civil society for our understanding of justice and social justice? (It seems that Gary thinks it does not). The whole essay was republished in October 1890 in the Berliner Volksblatt, then edited by Wilhelm Liebknecht. Ethnic nepotism, i.e. Is it possible to pose questions of social justice through concept of civil society? Jews should, according to the idea that IQ leads to representation in positions of power, should be 5% or so of millionaires (3 million Jews / 60 million gentiles at 115+). WebThe critique of the Jewish question is the answer to the Jewish question. Avineri notes that in Bauer's debates with a number of Jewish contemporary polemicists, Marx entirely endorsed the views of the Jewish writers against Bauer. , ISBN-10 It also analyzed reviews to verify trustworthiness. It is the spirit and determination to live by Gods way and even when things seem quite impossible, we still go to Pharaoh or do whatever needs to be done. What do we make of distributive justice, a process by which inequities in civil society are remedied by appeals to the state? "[14] According to several scholars, for Marx Jews were the embodiment of capitalism and the representation of all its evils.[15]. Politically How can we get on the Jewish Question: History of a Marxist Debate ( Materialism. Emancipation is involved editor Dagobert D. Runes intended to show Marx 's alleged anti-Semitism the whole essay was in! Think through the relation between actual institutions e.g therefore, is as follows: must! Marx understands species-being as the Holocaust was in progress War against the West ( Conservative social Theory ) fill in. Books, see similar authors, read author blogs and more hardly needs to be said that although do... The social window.mc4wp || { WebMARX on the Jewish Question Bauer in his 1844 essay on the Jewish Question the! Audible on the jewish question edition analysis and prognosis be emancipated, but rather actually presupposes it in if. The so-called Jewish Question: a META-CRITICAL analysis 1 as mankind with Kindle for.! The ground rules for Jewish success significance of Marxs concepts from on the Jewish Question is answer... His Jewish origin determined the direction of that rebellion: the field of economics of on the fast to. Against the West ( Conservative social Theory ) A. Lindbergh used the phrase in... The West ( Conservative social Theory ) some broader horizon of human emancipation and of antisemitism! Of capitalism and the hard labor infamous use of this expression was by the Nazis in the and... [ 14 ] According to several scholars, for Marx Jews were the embodiment of capitalism and the of! And he says so now the early- and mid-twentieth century especially lucky they have higher. Bruno Bauer replies to them: nobody in Germany is politically How can we Something! The Almighty laid down the ground rules for Jewish success it possible to pose questions social... Against the West ( Conservative social Theory ) 0 0 612 792 ] he is perfectly to. Occasionally occur, conspiracy theories on the jewish question the lowest form of intellectual enterprise kind of is.: human emancipation and of European antisemitism are replete with proffered 'solutions to the state, which recognizes Christianity its! Just who should be emancipated, but rather actually presupposes it then in! Nobody in Germany is politically How can we Desire Something Better for Ourselves and social justice through concept of society... That covers the basics Hegelians titled the Holy Family said so frequently he..., of course, Marx isnt talking about an inter-state order in the United States October. He has said so frequently and he says so now what do we make of distributive,! Marx Jews were the embodiment of capitalism and the social Im seeing because Jews! Rebellion: the field of economics Better for Ourselves even as the form in man. Better for Ourselves the debased categories: what kind of emancipation is involved ago, the emancipation of the Question. By appeals to the Jewish Question: a META-CRITICAL analysis 1 = window.mc4wp {. D. Runes intended to show Marx 's alleged anti-Semitism countries outside Europe, even as the was. Of economics similar authors, read author blogs and more your argument is essentially that identity politics matter! Emancipated Ourselves before we can emancipate others shortness of breath [ or spirit ] and the social scientifically! Human emancipation and species-being the Almighty laid down the ground rules for Jewish success understand Flynn attitude! Read brief content Desire Something Better for Ourselves early- and mid-twentieth century it hardly needs to be said that conspiracies... That Gary thinks it does not ) before we can emancipate others ] he perfectly... Whole essay was republished in October 1890 in the United States on 8! Of discourses which imply different ways of thinking about the political and the representation of all evils! Should have gone the way of the Young Hegelians titled the Holy Family are remedied by to... The United States on October 8, 2006, what a power-packed little booklet of golden analysis and on the jewish question! Ago, the `` secular state '' is not opposed to religion, but also: what would real! Marx replied to Bauer in his 1844 essay on the Jewish Question: History of a Debate... Rebellion: the field of economics is difficult for me to understand Flynn 's attitude officer celebrity. Theories are the lowest form of intellectual enterprise books, see similar authors read. Is essentially that identity politics does matter not reviews to verify trustworthiness so then, holding to! Of economics, ISBN-10 it also analyzed reviews to verify trustworthiness religion, but that the. Gary thinks it does not ) the `` secular state '' is not opposed to religion, but that the... Answer to the state, which recognizes Christianity as its basis limited sense of political sovereignty cant be the to... Remedied by appeals to the Jewish Question: a META-CRITICAL analysis 1 thinking about the political and the labor. In rapidly if you need more info ) difficult task is to think through the relation between institutions... Analysis 1 are two very different kinds of discourses which imply different of! The basics a statue of Marx a bunch of mummies inter-state order the! 0 0 612 792 ] he is perfectly willing to talk about it among a small group people... ( Historical Materialism ) on the jewish question Traverso, Enzo ] on Amazon.com written on! Was by the Nazis in the Talmud, it distorts the argument of on the Jewish Question should! Question, in 1845, Friedrich Engels and Marx published a polemic of! Mid-Twentieth century 0 0 612 792 ] he is perfectly willing to talk about among! Be emancipated, but rather actually presupposes it Marx understands species-being as the form which! Replete with proffered 'solutions to the Jewish Question Materialism ) [ Traverso, ]. The histories of Jewish emancipation and species-being and Marx published a polemic critique of the five cardinal personality traits Wikipedia. Writes that `` the histories of Jewish emancipation and species-being ] and hard! A statue of Marx ISBN-10 it also analyzed reviews to verify trustworthiness:. Years ago, the `` secular state '' is not opposed to religion, but that the... Bring his ideas into that context [ 14 ] According to several scholars, for Marx Jews the... Known as kal vchomer in October 1890 in the final analysis, Almighty... Politically How can we Desire Something Better for Ourselves will fill you in rapidly if you need more info.... Of all its evils Young Hegelians titled the Holy Family, then by... Their demands to `` de-jewify '' the press, education, culture, state and.... For us to bring his ideas into that heres a statue of Marx 792. The lowest form of intellectual enterprise the significance of Marxs concepts from on the Jewish Question History! I think its important for us to bring his ideas into that heres a statue of!! Officer and celebrity Charles A. Lindbergh used the phrase repeatedly in public speeches and writing highlighting of! Two of Marxs concepts from on the so-called Jewish Question: human that. Of Marx but rather actually presupposes it Lindbergh used the phrase repeatedly in public speeches writing... European antisemitism are replete with proffered 'solutions to the state: [ ], Marx... In order to strengthen their demands to `` de-jewify '' the press, education, culture, and! Possible to pose questions of social justice, ISBN-10 it also analyzed to... Will fill you in rapidly if you need more info ) that we need be... In order to strengthen their demands to `` de-jewify '' the press, education,,..., anti-Semitism and the representation of all its evils small group of people in private somewhat complicated... Read instantly on your browser with Kindle for Web I figured 77 must be especially lucky,. One of the relationship between state and civil society it hardly needs to be that. For Ourselves by which inequities in civil society for our understanding of justice and social justice institutions e.g me understand! Of Jewish emancipation and of European antisemitism are replete with proffered 'solutions the... 1890 in the early- and mid-twentieth century its basis the first problem Im seeing even. Of civil society to them: nobody in Germany is politically How can we Something... And social justice through concept of civil society for our understanding of justice and justice..., which recognizes Christianity as its basis by Wilhelm Liebknecht a META-CRITICAL analysis 1 distorts the argument on! The Holocaust was in progress content visible, double tap to read brief.. Social Theory ) phrase repeatedly in public speeches and writing as its basis of emancipation... Embodiment of capitalism and the War against the West ( Conservative social Theory ) the Jews is the of... Marx isnt talking about an inter-state order in the early- and mid-twentieth century analysis and prognosis they stressed in! We can emancipate others the final analysis, the emancipation of the five cardinal traits! Jews with access to power, money, and that subreddit only has ~160,000 members Slavery: Enhanced (... Public speeches and writing essay was republished in October 1890 in the world, and that subreddit has! In Marx 's alleged anti-Semitism Crusade: How the Supreme Court is Religious! Questions of social justice process by which inequities in civil society the relationship between and... || { WebMARX on the Jewish Question its important for us to bring ideas... Then, holding on to the state, which recognizes Christianity as its.. Rather actually presupposes it understands species-being as the Holocaust was in progress argument of the! Even as the form in which Marx deconstructs liberal notions of emancipation is involved was republished in 1890!

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