The significance of this combined name: quetzal (a beautiful feathered bird) and coatl (a serpent) revealed divinity. The next morning, Quetzalcoatl, feeling shame and regret, had his servants build him a stone chest, adorn him in turquoise, and then, laying in the chest, set himself on fire. Look now at your flesh; know yourself; see Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. The belief that he would return from the east in a One Reed year led the Aztec sovereign Montezuma II to regard the Spanish conqueror Hernn Corts and his comrades as divine envoys, because 1519, the year in which they landed on the Mexican Gulf coast, was a One Reed year. [22], To the Aztecs, Quetzalcoatl was, as his name indicates, a feathered serpent. The pterosaur Quetzalcoatlus was named after the deity. Unlike many other deities, Quetzalcoatl was consistently benevolent and caring toward people. The work was left to Quetzalcoatl and Huitzilopochtli. Since 1200 CE in Central Mexico, he was considered the god of learning, agriculture, science, and arts. He was known as the inventor of books and the calendar, the giver of maize (corn) to mankind, and sometimes as a symbol of death and resurrection. In his purely mythical form the god Quetzalcoatl was one of four brothers born in the 13th heaven. I shall be seen no more: I shall no longer frighten my people. But Tezcatlipoca said he could conceal the defects on Quetzalcoatls face. Codex Borgia, fol.19(Click on image to enlarge), Pic 10: Aztec stone sculpture of Xolotl, National Anthropology Museum, Mexico City (Wikipedia)(Click on image to enlarge), Pic 11: Quetzalcoatl-Ehcatl (upper-right). The business-strike 5 Pesos featuring the stone head of Quetzalcoatl was a mass-production issue that was produced from 1980 until 1985. Some followers of the Latter Day Saints movement believe that Quetzalcoatl was historically Jesus Christ, but believe his name and the details of the event were gradually lost over time. After some time Quetzalcoatl took a stick and with a blow of it knocked Tezcatlipoca from the sky into the waters. He then made himself the sun. The Quetzalcoatl of that myth is a god. ", "Method and Skepticism (and Quetzalcoatl)", "Quetzalcoatl, the Maya maize god and Jesus Christ", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quetzalcoatl&oldid=1133400620, Supernatural beings identified with Christian saints, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles having different image on Wikidata and Wikipedia, Articles containing Classical Nahuatl-language text, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from August 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2019, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from June 2021, All articles that may contain original research, Articles that may contain original research from June 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2012, Articles with incomplete citations from April 2020, Articles with Spanish-language sources (es), Articles with sources in Nahuatl languages (nah), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, White Tecatlipoca, Ce Acatl Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl, Feathered Serpent, Precious Twin, Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli, Tlaloc, god of rain, lightning and thunder, the feathered serpent, god of vegetational renewal, This page was last edited on 13 January 2023, at 16:18. He was the teacher of arts, the wise lawgiver, the virtuous prince, the master builder, and the merciful judge. Download scientific diagram | The god Quetzalcoatl with offerings of tamales. Quetzalcoatl was shocked at his appearance: truly he did not look well. In the Legend of the Suns, their battles saw them topple each other as regents of individual worlds. How can a man remain among them filled as I am with foul sores, his face wrinkled and his aspect loathsome? Quetzalcoatl taught people science, architecture, and art and established government and spiritual rituals. It is not clear whether Quetzalcoatl slept with his sister in the myth, but the next morning he said, I have sinned, the stain on my name can never be erased. In some incredible escapades, they created the earth, sea and night sky and were regents of the first two suns, or world eras of the existing five. Quetzalcoatls significance and place in the Aztec pantheon is now unclear. He first donned bird-like features in the Olmec period (1400-400 BC), becoming a Quetzal-feathered Serpent in the Classic period (200-900 AD), long before the Aztecs were around (1325-1521 AD). According to another version, he embarked upon a raft made of snakes and disappeared beyond the eastern horizon. In Aztec times (14th through 16th centuries) Quetzalcatl was revered as the patron of priests, the inventor of the calendar and of books, and the protector of goldsmiths and other craftsmen; he was also identified with the planet Venus. All products are produced on-demand and shipped worldwide within 2 - 3 business days. In an example from Yaxchilan, the Vision Serpent has the human face of the young maize-god, further suggesting a connection to fertility and vegetational renewal; the Maya Young Maize god was also connected to Venus. His hair is red and his body painted with red and white stripes. Required fields are marked *. No credit card needed. Quetzalcoatl went to Mictlan, the underworld, and created fifth-world mankind from the bones of the previous races (with the help of Cihuacoatl), using his own blood, from a wound he inflicted on his earlobes, calves, tongue, and penis, to imbue the bones with new life. [45][46] The deity has been featured as a character in the manga and anime series Yu-Gi-Oh! In addition to his guise as a plumed serpent, Quetzalcatl was often represented as a man with a beard, and, as Ehcatl, the wind god, he was shown with a mask with two protruding tubes (through which the wind blew) and a conical hat typical of the Huastec people of east-central Mexico. As the sun, Quetzalcoatl made the earth flourish, but Tezcatlipoca was merely biding his time. [9] Animals thought to represent Quetzalcoatl include resplendent quetzals, rattlesnakes (coatl meaning "serpent" in Nahuatl), crows, and macaws. While not usually feathered, classic Maya serpent iconography seems[original research?] Members of this confederacy from Tlaxcala, Puebla, and Oaxaca provided the Spaniards with the army that first reclaimed the city of Cholula from its pro-Aztec ruling faction, and ultimately defeated the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan (Mexico City). [24] A fourth story narrates that Quetzalcoatl was born from Coatlicue, who already had four hundred children who formed the stars of the Milky Way. Tezcatlipoca produced what he called medicinethe elixir of life, an alchemical longevity, vitality potion. Evidence of such worship comes from the iconography of different Mesoamerican cultures, in which serpent motifs occur frequently. Of the four, one was called the black and one the red Tezcatlipoca, and the fourth was Huitzilopochtli. Of the four, one was called the black and one the red Tezcatlipoca, and the fourth was Huitzilopochtli. He suffered a crisis of faith and felt he must leave. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Among the Aztecs, whose beliefs are the best-documented in the historical sources, Quetzalcoatl was related to gods of the wind, of the planet Venus, of the dawn, of merchants and of arts, crafts and knowledge. At that time Quetzalcatl seems to have been conceived as a vegetation godan earth and water deity closely associated with the rain god Tlaloc. I am not fit to rule this people. He was then admitted into the presence of Quetzalcoatl. Steeped in finely-tuned collaborations with artists from across the map, the album documents the Captain's continued musical travels in the wake of his critically-acclaimed 2011 debut album Cookin' Gumbo and subsequent 'Mystery Trip' beat-tape (heralded \"Best Music of 2012\" by Sasha Frere-Jones in The New Yorker).Led by the smashing Latin-House single \"Un Poquito Mas\" featuring Spanish lyrics from fellow international beats don Chico Mann(Soundway), the album also finds Captain Planet traveling South to join forces with esteemed Argentinian electronic chanteuse La Yegros (ZZK) on \"Que Quiero Volver\", as well as Brazilian artists Samira Winter and Nevilton on the Samba heater \"Tudo de Bom\". As the god of learning, of writing, and of books, Quetzalcatl was particularly venerated in the calmecac, religious colleges annexed to the temples, in which the future priests and the sons of the nobility were educated. Quetzalcoatl ( Ketsarukoatoru), often referred to as Lucoa ( Rukoa), is a supporting character of Kobayashi-san Chi no Maid Dragon and a main protagonist of Kobayashi-san-chi no Maid Dragon: Lucoa wa Boku no xx Desu. Regardless, Quetzalcoatl was ashamed and devastated. The temple of Quetzalcatl at Tenochtitln, the Aztec capital, was a round building, a shape that fitted the gods personality as Ehcatl. Album: Esperanto Slang [ALBUM]Track: 11 of 12Title: Quetzalcoatl OfferingArtist: Captain PlanetLabel: Bastard Jazz RecordingsCat#: BJLP06Formats: DigitalDigital Release: 6th October 2014Physical Release: 13th October 2014About This Release:Globe-trotting beatmaker Captain Planet returns to soundsystems worldwide with his hotly anticipated sophomore album Esperanto Slang, a transformative LP which further illuminates the \"Gumbo Funk\" producer's fluency in breaking boundaries between genres and bridging continents through rhythm. Considered by some to be Quetzalcoatls double, assistant or twin, Xolotl aided Quetzalcoatl when he descended to the Mictlan to recover the bones of humankind. As the morning and evening star, Quetzalcatl was the symbol of death and resurrection. Represented as the plumed serpent, Quetzalcoatl was also seen as manifest in the wind, one of the most powerful forces of nature; a text in the Nahuatl language captures this relationship: Quetzalcoatl; yn ehecatl ynteiacancauh yntlachpancauh in tlaloque, yn aoaque, yn qujqujiauhti. Much of the idea of Corts being seen as a deity can be traced back to the Florentine Codex written down some 50 years after the conquest. Franciscans then equated the original Quetzalcoatl with Thomas and imagined that the Indians had long-awaited his return to take part once again in God's kingdom. A banging Bachata-infused club anthem \"Perdido en el Excesso\" further weaves a transcontinental thread with the help of Berlin-based rapper Paco Mendoza, while the crushing reggae vibes of the album's 7-inch single \"In The Gray\" brings the islands to the West Coast with the help of soul singer Brit Lauren backed by horns from supergroup The Lions (Ubiquity).Throughout the entire album, border-crossing collaborations on both vocal and instrumental tracks seamlessly translate the musical synergies between global dancefloor cultures. Quetzalcatl became the god of the morning and evening star, and his temple was the centre of ceremonial life in Tula. As the morning and evening star, Quetzalcatl was the symbol of death and resurrection. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. After the Fourth Age was destroyed by floods, Quetzalcoatl and Tezcatlipoca helped Cihuacoatl create a brand-new Earth. He discouraged human sacrifice, recommending flower offerings instead. After a slapstick-style chase scene, Xavier winds up as the Sun God and commits "sacricide" (sacrificial suicide), ending the skit. The 20 day signs formed a precious necklace Trainee runners had to shin up the 113 steps of the Templo Mayor. This image from the Codex Borgia (pic 9) shows Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli displaying the quincunx: five circles associated with Venus. After some time Quetzalcoatl took a stick and with a blow of it knocked Tezcatlipoca from the sky into the waters. He then made himself the sun. While it was being constructed Tezcatlipoca (who in other myths is a creatortrickster god but here is a Demonic force, or sorcerer) came to Quetzalcoatl one day and told him that toward Honduras, in a place called Tlapallan, a house was ready for him. For many years he ruled the city and at last began to build a very great temple. In Mesoamerican history many different ethnopolitical groups worshiped a feathered-serpent deity. A bouquet of flowers found in a tunnel under a Teotihuacan pyramid survived a bonfire about 2,000 years ago. Tezcatlipoca (the black and red are combined) was the wisest. 78r(Click on image to enlarge), Pic 5: Quetzalcatl-Ehcatl. Foil 251v of the Libro de los Ritos of D. Dur?n. First they made fire, then half a sun, the heavens, the waters, and a great fish called Cipactli; from Cipactlis flesh they made the solid earth. The forehead he colored yellow, and, taking the feathers of the quetzal bird, he made a beard. In a variant of the end of the legend, Quetzalcoatl departed on a raft toward the east, saying he would one day return. Quetzelcoatl also appeared on (Season 3) of the Animal Planet mockumentary Lost Tapes in an episode entitled "Q the Serpent God". Only flowers and fruit were laid on his altars as sacrifice. Quetzalcoatl and Tezcatlipoca were brothers in divine myths, where they worked together as creators, and against each other in acts of destruction. As soon as Quetzalcoatl saw his face in the mirror, he said: How is it possible my subjects can look on me without affright? Quetzalcoatl also shared a special bond with medical practitioners (pic 4), who would invoke the memory of this god when setting broken bones. Quetzalcoatl was often represented as the life-giving wind, with a beak or mask protruding from his face. Did Motecuhzoma really think Corts was a god?The final twist in Quetzalcoatls story came with the arrival of the Spanish conquerors, who claimed that Corts was welcomed as the long-departed Ce Acatl Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl who, in another story, did not kill himself but left on a long voyage over the ocean, promising one day to return. Images of serpents have been represented in Mesoamerican art since Olmec times, and we know that they are related to fertility and the earth. With his companion Xolotl, a dog-headed god, he was said to have descended to the underground hell of Mictlan to gather the bones of the ancient dead. In the Codex's description of the first meeting between Moctezuma and Corts, the Aztec ruler is described as giving a prepared speech in classical oratorial Nahuatl, a speech which, as described in the codex written by the Franciscan Bernardino de Sahagn and his Tlatelolcan informants, included such prostrate declarations of divine or near-divine admiration as: You have graciously come on earth, you have graciously approached your water, your high place of Mexico, you have come down to your mat, your throne, which I have briefly kept for you, I who used to keep it for you. Sahagn (Book III, chapter III) also made special mention of their devotion to him. many, he became a god. Cholula was the center of his veneration and an important pilgrimage site. He was a creator deity having contributed essentially to the creation of mankind. Post author: Post published: June 21, 2022 Post category: kid birthday party venues louisville, ky Post comments: weezer pink triangle problematic weezer pink triangle problematic What does he call my own flesh? Franciscans such as Toribio de Benavente "Motolinia" saw elements of Christianity in the pre-Columbian religions and therefore believed that Mesoamerica had been evangelized before, possibly by Thomas the Apostle, who, according to legend, had "gone to preach beyond the Ganges". Another Quetzalcoatl is a culture hero, a high priest of the city of Tula. Among the Aztecs, the name Quetzalcoatl was also a priestly title, as the two most important priests of the Aztec Templo Mayor were called "Quetzalcoatl Tlamacazqui". Depending on the version of the myth, this sister may be a celibate priestess. Quetzalcoatl would permit no human offerings in his name. Some he left in Cholula and others in Cempoal. yourself as you are seen by others. And with that he handed him the mirror. He was a patron of many crafts such as writing, and metal and stone work and represented workers of these crafts. As his body burned his heart rose to heaven, and after four days he became the planet Venus, the Morning Star. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Quetzalcoatl Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Japanese name: Also known as: Winged Serpent Feathered Serpent Kukulkan Great firebird of the Sun Wind of Mesoamerica Coatl Kuku Portrayals Japanese VA: Aya End WP English VA: Gloria Garayua WP Appearances Primary franchise: Fate Appears in: Fate/Grand Order Characteristics Species: Children born during 1 Reed were thought to be ill-fortuned, and the calendar foretold that all they gained in life would be taken by the wind (Sahagn, book III, chapter VIII). Jumping to the motherland, \"Safaru\" showcases the Sudanese vocalist and NPR darling Alsarah's soaring Arabic vocals, with horn arrangements by L.A. brass legend and Kelis's bandleader Todd Simon. Containing a round temple dedicated to the cult of Quetzalcoatl-Ehcatl, Cholula was considered a pilgrimage destination across Central Mexico. quetzalcoatl offerings. This image from the sixteenth century Codex Borbonicus (pic 8, right) shows his conical hat made from the fur of an Ocelot. In Aztec culture, depictions of Quetzalcoatl were fully anthropomorphic. He painted the rulers cheeks green and dyed his lips red. [14] Feathered-serpent iconography is prominent at all of these sites. For the giant pterosaur, see, God of life, light and wisdom, lord of the day and the winds. In the era following the 16th-century Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, a number of records conflated Quetzalcoatl with Ce Acatl Topiltzin, a ruler of the mythico-historic city of Tollan. In Nhuatl, the word Xolotl was often associated with the concept of twins and physical deformity, so statues of the deity often portray a dog with twin heads, or ragged ears and running sores. Top-ranking priests from Tenochtitlan were awarded the name of Quetzalcoatl, and Aztec leaders, upon coming into power, were obliged to first worship at the temple at Cholula (Florescano 2001, p.237). [37] This speech, which has been widely referred to, has been a factor in the widespread belief that Moctezuma was addressing Corts as the returning god Quetzalcoatl. Download Full Size Image. Xolotl, the Evening StarTlahuizcalpentecuhtli could only guard the sun as it crossed the daytime sky. He ground the bones and mixed them with his blood, creating the first humans of the 5th (and current) sun. Go tell your master, he said to the servants, that I have come to show him his own flesh. What is this? asked Quetzalcoatl when the message was delivered. 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