When Alabama seceded from the Union in 1861, the states 435,080 slaves made up 45 percent of the total population. Join To Live : https://www.youtube.com/redirect?q=https://bit.ly/3WFccXXLive Game : Blacksher Vs. Clarke County - Girls Basketball Alabama 1/17/2023The Clark. TERMINOLOGY. After the Clotildas voyage to Africa, Meaher burned the ship in the Mobile-Tensaw River Delta to destroy the evidence of the illegal journey. Americans were enumerated as free in 1860, with about half of those living in the southern States. CONTENT MAY BE COPYRIGHTED BY WIKITREE COMMUNITY MEMBERS. MOBILE, Ala. ( WALA) -19-year-old Xavier Dixon didn't say a word while being escorted to metro jail after a murder in broad daylight. IMPORTANT PRIVACY NOTICE & DISCLAIMER: YOU HAVE A RESPONSIBILITY TO USE CAUTION WHEN DISTRIBUTING PRIVATE INFORMATION. These circumstances reduced the physical distance between owners and slaves and sometimes forged temporary bonds of loyalty based upon a shared experience as farm laborers. M., W. H. Hargrove for, 55 Slaves, Page 276B, WATKINS, R. J., Solon Hamlit? Though the census schedules speak in terms of slave owners, the Taken from The American Slave: A Composite Autobiography, this collection is the most complete available picture of the African-American slavery experience. film quality, handwriting interpretation questions and inconsistent counting and page numbering MIGRATION OF FORMER SLAVES: According to U.S. Census data, the 1860 Limestone The 1860 U.S. Census Slave Schedules for Limestone County, Alabama (NARA colored population during that time, and were therefore more likely possible places of relocation This transcription lists the names of those largest slaveholders in the County, the Permission to excerpt, transcribe and post the historical content, in correlation with Doll's Genealogy Site, was granted by the The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, April 2001. When you find a useful new resource, go to the right Linkpendium page and click Slaves often worked alongside and sometimes slept under the same roof as their owner. methods used by the census enumerators, interested researchers should view the source film number of slaves they held and the first census page on which they were listed. freed Alabama slaves go if they did not stay in Alabama? As the Clotilda survivors made a new home for themselves in Alabama, they continued to hope theyd see their families again one day. 200 or more slaves, while constituting less than 1 % of the total number of U.S. slaveholders, or 1 ", Plantation complexes in the Southern United States, "Old Cahawba, Alabama's first state capital, 1820 to 1826", "Alabama's population: 1800 to the modern era", "The Birth of Jim Crow in Alabama 1865-1896", "Sharecropping and Tenant Farming in Alabama", Alabama Department of Archives and History, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_slavery_in_Alabama&oldid=1128842893, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 22 December 2022, at 07:22. SURNAME MATCHES AMONG AFRICAN AMERICANS ON 1870 CENSUS: (exact surname spellings only are reported, no spelling variations or soundex), (SURNAME, # in US, in State, in County, born in State, born and living in State, born in State Andrew Jackson Beard An Inventor (1849-1921) "Andrew Jackson Beard was born a slave on a plantation near Mt. acres. The Global Slavery Index (2018) estimated that roughly 40.3 million individuals are currently caught in modern slavery, with 71% of those being female, and 1 in 4 being children. Formation of the State. should not be a difficult research task, but it is beyond the scope of this transcription. Antonia Leonard is an education expert who has dedicated her life to helping students achieve their academic goals. Where did the freed slaves go who did not stay in this county? The 13th Amendment to the Constitution, which abolished slavery, was ratified in 1865. Linking names of plantations in this County with the names of the large holders on this list The schooner Clotilda smuggled African captives into the U.S. in 1860, more than 50 years after importing slaves was outlawed. LARGEST SLAVEHOLDERS FROM 1860 SLAVE CENSUS SCHEDULES. [8] Most Native American tribes were completely removed from the state within a few years of the passage of the Indian Removal Act by Congress in 1830. African-Americans in the 1870 U.S. Federal Census, available through Heritage Quest at. occurred.] Category: Clarke County, Alabama, Slavery, Slaves of William Armistead, Clarke County, Alabama. The majority of slaves in Alabama, however, labored on modest farms, and the typical Alabama slaveholder owned fewer than five slaves. Clarke County Sherriff Dewayne Smith said a man was found burned in his truck on a small dirt road outside of Lower Peach Tree. (As a side note, by 1960, 100 years later, the County It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. The Macon County Alabama Slave Narratives were excerpted from "Shadow of the Plantation" by Charles S. Johnson. total of 600 slaveholders, and those slaveholders have not been included here. Start with the 1940 Census and work your way backwards. film quality, handwriting interpretation questions and inconsistent counting and page numbering When the Civil war began, the town of Huntsville had 1,980 white residents and almost an equal number of Black residents: 1,654 slaves and 85 free. The Thirteenth Amendment permanently abolished slavery in the United States in 1865. supposed to be named on the 1860 slave schedule, but there were only 1,570 slaves of such age was listed as having 28,884 whites, about a four fold increase, but the 1960 total of 7,620 used are the rubber stamped numbers in the upper right corner of every set of two pages, with the Dallas, Montgomery genealogically-related site on the Internet. publication of slaveholder names beginning with these largest holders will enable naming of the This page was last modified 08:37, 11 May 2021. Required fields are marked *. The 1860 U.S. Census Slave Schedules for Clarke County, Mississippi (NARA microfilm series M653, Roll 596) reportedly includes a total of 5,076 slaves. For, 37 Slaves, Page 269B, WHITE, M., Va. [from Virginia? Sometimes slaves used fire to destroy a plantation's outbuildings or the harvested cotton crop. Sumer or Sumeria is still thought to be the birthplace of slavery, which grew out of Sumer into Greece and other parts of ancient Mesopotamia. Clarke County, Alabama Obituaries and Death Notices Unknown, NANCY (slave) A Mobile paper announces the death, at the age of 100 years, at a Major Austin's, in Clark county, Ala., of Nancy, a slave raised in Delaware, by the father-in-law of Mr. Curtis, step-son of Gen. Washington, who waited upon her young mistress when married. The African slave trade was first brought to Alabama when the region was part of the French Louisiana Colony. occurred.] (6,400%). 18, The Fugitive Slave Law, and its Victims, Afro-American Historical and Genealogical Society, Marriage Records Index Colored Wilcox County, The History of Butler County, Alabama, from 1815 to 1885, A history of Bullock County, Alabama, 1866-1906, 1859-60 City Directory of Montgomery Alabama, Bethel Baptist Cemetery Records, Jones, Alabama, Online African American Books at AccessGenealogy. The story of the Clotilda and the people who built Africatown. numbered pages were reported as in Division 2. the white population of Limestone County had increased almost 8% to 7,774, while the colored The lake is named for an escaped slave from Mississippi who, according to legend, discovered the isolated body of water in the late 1840s. Wealth was still concentrated in the hands of wealthy white plantation owners, who the newly freed black citizens were now completely reliant upon for survival. How Safe Is Mississippi State University? Slave Narratives 545,000 (17%); Texas, up 70,000 (38%); North Carolina, up 31,000 (8%); Florida, up 27,000 Many owners and overseers physically beat slaves with instruments such as whips and cat o'nine tails. not realize that ancestor was also listed as a slaveholder on the slave schedules, because published The captives were marched to the coast, often enduring long journeys of weeks or even months, shackled to one another. Where did The 1860 U.S. Census Slave Schedules for Limestone County, Alabama (NARA microfilm series M653, Roll 31) reportedly includes a total of 8,085 slaves. It is possible to locate an ancestor on a U.S. census for 1860 or earlier and The rest of the slaves in the County were held by a total of 577 slaveholders, and those slaveholders have not been included here. been using the surname of their 1860 slaveholder at the time of the 1870 census and they may on the "Add your favorite Website(s) to this page" link. Afro-American Historical and Genealogical Society Contract labor systems were put into place in southern states that forced freed blacks to work in jobs that they could not legally quit, left them permanently in debt, and which often involved violent physical punishment by white property owners. PLEASE HELP! Why Did Mississippi Ratify The 13Th Amendment In 1995? Slave Narratives from the Federal Writer' Project, 1936-38, By the antebellum period, Alabama had evolved into a slave society, which is characterized by the proliferation and defense of the institution that shaped much of the state's economy, politics, and culture. Well over 90 percent of enslaved Africans were imported into the Caribbean and South America. and Mobile counties in Alabama all saw increases in the colored population between 1860 and In Alabama, Meaher sold some of the Africans, but divided up most between himself, his two brothers and the ships captainnone of whom were ever convicted for their crimes. Huntsville, Alabama served as temporary capital from 1819 to 1820, when the seat of government moved to Cahaba in Dallas County. Slaves were enumerated in 1860 without giving their names, only their sex and age [8][9] Part of the frontier in the 1820s and 1830s, its constitution provided for universal suffrage for white men. Slave families also lacked the institutional and legal rights and protections of white families. This was the first time that slave infomation was captured as a separate schedule. slaves, or an average of about ten slaves per holder. County population included 7,215 whites, 6 free colored and 8,085 slaves. ], 92 Slaves, Page 253, YARBROUGH, John N.?, 39 Slaves, Page 266B. Indexed data and browse are available for the following: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland . Lewis was one of about 30 Clotilda survivors forced to work for James Meaher for the next five years. This is a category for those who held slaves in this county. Alabama was one of the first seven states to withdraw from the Union prior to the American Civil War. names to locate ancestors can be difficult because the name of a plantation may have been The links below provide an accurate reflection of what African American genealogy is available online. Court Records Free Reference and Directory), Clarke County, Alabama, Circuit Court case files, 1811-1902, Large Slaveholders of 1860 and African American Surname Matches from 1870), United States Census (Slave Schedule), 1850, Alabama Wills and Probate Records, 1753-1999, Clarke County, Alabama, estate case files, 1810-1915, Histopolis Collaborative Genealogy & History), Cyndi's List of Genealogy Sites on the Internet), Bureau of Land Management, General Land Office), U.S. General Land Office Records, 1796-1907, Clarke County Alabama Genealogical Network, Clarke County Alabama history, culture and life, USGS Geographic Names Information System), Abstracts of marriages, deeds, court records, tract books and orphans court minutes, Genealogical Publishing Company and Clearfield Company), Alabama Civil War and Reconstruction Newspapers, Alabama Department of Archives & History), American Memory from the Library of Congress), Clarke County, Alabama, poll tax record book, 1897-1914, Philadelphia Architects and Buildings Project), mindat.org - the mineral and locality database). family tree, surname, vital records, biography, or otherwise Parker's slaves "were. Thanks from all of us at This page and its subpages contain 26 links. was obtained from the Historical United States Census Data Browser, which is a very detailed, Those bonds, however, did not change the fact that a slave was considered property. Many of these settlers, who owned slaves before their move to Alabama, came in search of cheap, productive land on which to grow cotton. slaveholders with 1870 African Americans is intended merely as suggesting another possibility for Learn how your comment data is processed. In May 2018, Harper Collins published Zora Neale Hurstons lost interview with Cudjo Lewis, the last survivor of the ship, who died in 1935. Originally named Kossula, he was only 19 years old when members of the Dahomean kingdom captured him and brought him to the coast for sale. Kaden Parker in Barbour County, lived in a log cabin with his mother, father and seven siblings. Due to variable searchable and highly recommended database found at http://fisher.lib.virginia.edu/census/ . (As a side note, by 1960, 100 years later, the County have still been living in the same State or County. You should use the same slave schedules to search for slave owners in Wilcox County AL. Recent speculation about the location of the ship has brought national attention to issues in Africatown, such as its lawsuit against an industrial plant for generating cancer-causing pollution. The schooner Clotilda, under the command of Captain William Foster and carrying a cargo of 124 Africans, arrived in Mobile Bay, Alabama, in July 1860. New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S., Slave Manifests, 1807-1860. and indication of any handicaps, such as deaf or blind Slaves 100 years of age or older were January 19, 2022 by Donna R Causey. 1870, so that could be where some of these Alabama freed slaves went. This page has been accessed 1,498 times. This is a category for those who held slaves in this county. Perhaps no other resource approaches the range of human experience found in AccessGenealogy.coms Slave Narratives. Devoted to finding and developing more resources for those of us researching American cross-racial family history and/or ancestors who were or may have been of mixed-race ancestry. Locate every ancestor and relative in every census in which they were alive (to the extent possible). Ethridge, Robbie Franklyn, and Sheri Marie Shuck-Hall. (Credit: Jeffrey Greenberg/UIG via Getty Images), They decided that if you wont send us home, well build Africa here in Alabama, says Robert Battles, Sr., former executive director of the Historic Africatown Welcome Center. enumerated by County in 1860 and included 393,975 named persons holding 3,950,546 unnamed 2023 A&E Television Networks, LLC. The 1860 U.S. Census was the last U.S. census showing slaves and There were roughly 110 African children, teenagers, and young adults on board the Clotilda when it arrived in Alabama in 1860, just one year before the Civil War. slaves, or about 47% of the County total. Instead, place individual profiles into the category corresponding to the county of Alabama where they held enslaved persons. Alabama was admitted as the 22nd state on December 14, 1819. Name index and images of slave schedules listing slave owners and only age, gender and color data of the slaves in cesus states or territories in 1850. She has worked in schools all over the world, and has developed groundbreaking curricula that have helped countless students excel. It is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts. This is a high-level category and should not have individual profiles added to it. Download 1860 slave census schedule from Monroe County, Alabama. Owners also used other forms of punishment such as withholding food, restricting travel, or selling off relatives as a means of controlling slaves whom they deemed troublesome. almost non-existent. Punishment was often meted out in response to disobedience or perceived infractions, but sometimes abuse was performed to re-assert the dominance of the master (or overseer) over the slave. [1], During the colonial era, Indian slavery in Alabama soon became surpassed by industrial-scale plantation slavery in large part due to the rapid growth of the cotton industry. Census data on African Americans in the 1870 census was obtained using Heritage Quests CD There are several plantation homes in Alabama that have survived for nearly 200 years and Ive listed 10 of them below. lots of duplication of plantation names. advanced research techniques involving all obtainable records of the holder. about 1 in 70 being a slaveholder. on the "Add your favorite Website(s) to this page" link. subdivisions of the State by which the census was enumerated. The page numbers She has received numerous awards and accolades for her work, including being named one of the "Top 10 Educators to Watch" by Education Week magazine. SOURCES. PURPOSE. She is also a strong advocate for equal opportunity, and she works tirelessly to ensure that all students have access to quality education regardless of their socioeconomic status or race. Where In Mississippi Should You Not Live? In the agricultural industry, this most often took the form of a contract labor system known as sharecropping where black farmers rented land from white landowners and paid with their labor and crops. WIKITREE HOME | ABOUT | G2G FORUM | HELP | SEARCH. Many more slaves were brought to Alabama by slave traders, such as those operating in Mobile and Montgomery, where the state's largest slave auction houses were located. Published information giving names of slaveholders and numbers of slaves held in Lawrence County, Alabama, in 1860, is either non-existent or not readily available. 1860 slave census schedule from Monroe County, Alabama. Like its neighbors, the Alabama Territory was fertile ground for the surging cotton crop, and soon became one of the major destinations for African-American slaves who were being shipped to the Southeastern United States. of justice and legality of claims of ownership need not be addressed in this transcription. Where did 1870, so that could be where some of these Alabama freed slaves went. Clarke County Alabama History Clarke County was established on December 10, 1812 by the Mississippi Territory. The term County is used to describe the main Genealogical techniques used to track slave families before the Civil War are necessarily quite different than those used for white or free African Americans. (41%); Ohio, up 26,000 (70%); Indiana, up 25,000 (127%); and Kansas up from 265 to 17,000 [11][12], By 1861 nearly 45% of the population of Alabama were slaves, and slave plantation agriculture was the center of the Alabama economy. transcriber has chosen to use the term slaveholder rather than slave owner, so that questions Some of these former slaves may have of justice and legality of claims of ownership need not be addressed in this transcription. Categories: Alabama History | United States of America, Slavery | Alabama. When Alabama seceded from the Union in 1861, the state's 435,080 slaves made up 45 percent of the total population. Thanks from all of us at (+1) 202-857-8562 | Fax Besides the various slave narratives . 545,000 (17%); Texas, up 70,000 (38%); North Carolina, up 31,000 (8%); Florida, up 27,000 The wreckage was still visible at low tide for a few decades, yet remains elusive today. the time of the source, with African American being used otherwise. African American Genealogy records are much more difficult to find due to the scant nature of record keeping for blacks prior to the Civil War. It is estimated by this transcriber that in 1860, slaveholders of This database provides a more poignant picture of what it was to live as a slave in the American South. Please, add your favorite Website(s) to this page! The outcome of the American Civil War ended slavery in Alabama. . Home > USA > Alabama > Clarke County > Census Records and Indexes. This collection of interviews stands in contrast to other slave narratives that appear in most literature anthologies which were written by the rare few who, against staggering odds, had become literate. Paraphrasing Marcus Garvey, Battles reflects, If you dont know your history, youre just like a tree without no roots.. They hoed potatoes and tobacco, but Rev. "Indian Slavery in Colonial Georgia. (+1) 202-419-4300 | Main Wealthy planters generally had multiple domestic servants, whose duties ranged from cooking and cleaning to driving carriages, serving meals, and nursing children. Corporate Information | Privacy | Terms and Conditions | CCPA Notice at Collection. Negroeswas about 6% less than what the colored population had been 100 years before.) Nonetheless, the 1852 Alabama Slave Code made the voluntary manslaughter of a white person by a slave a capital offense. slave on the 1860 census, the free census for 1860 should be checked, as almost 11% of African Profiles are placed in this category with this text [[Category:Clarke County, Alabama, Slave Owners]] . Census data on African Americans in the 1870 census was obtained using Heritage Quests CD Chas Parker, a slave to Rev. But some would choose a new surname entirely. Mobile businessman Timothy Meaher organized the Clotilda voyage after making a bet that he could, as he put it, bring a shipful of n*****s right into Mobile Bay under the officers noses.. This page was last modified 11:39, 10 October 2021. There, the captain bought people from the Benin region like Cudjo Lewis. Before presuming an African American was a Census data for 1860 By the 1870 census, Antonia is a gifted educator, and she is widely respected within the education community. wikimedia commons. Following the patenting of the cotton gin (in 1793), the War of 1812, and the defeat and expulsion of the Creek Nation in the 1810s, European-American settlement in Alabama was intensified, as was the presence of slavery on newly established plantations in the territory. One of the most notable was Fort Sinquefield. When you find a useful new resource, go to the right Linkpendium page and click Read our research on: Congress | Economy | COVID-19, 1615 L St. NW, Suite 800Washington, DC 20036USA Slavery Records Slavery News Obituary of NANCY, a slave (1859) HOME Genealogy Trails 2023 2023 The largest numbers of slaves were held in bondage in counties located in either the Tennessee River Valley or the, Alabama gained statehood during a period when. Where did the freed slaves go who did not stay in this county? A man looking at a gravestone for Cudjo Lewis in the cemetery at the Africa Town Welcome Center. personally to verify or modify the information in this transcription for their own purposes. Though an 1807 law banned the trans-Atlantic slave trade to the United States as of 1 January 1808, slaves could still be bought and sold (and transported) within the country. Alabama's antebellum-era slave codes were replaced by a postbellum social and legal system of separating citizens on the basis of race that remained intact through the mid-twentieth century. This transcription IMPORTANT PRIVACY NOTICE & DISCLAIMER: YOU HAVE A RESPONSIBILITY TO USE CAUTION WHEN DISTRIBUTING PRIVATE INFORMATION. Linkpendium's goal is to index every genealogy, geneology, :) family history, Dallas, Montgomery or more, the largest size category enumerated in the census, and another 1,359 farms of 500-999 A mural of the Clotilda adorns a concrete embankment in Africatown, a community near Mobile founded by Africans illegally transported to Alabama aboard the slave ship. [13][10] Cotton made up over half of US exports at the time, and southern plantations produced three-fourths of the global cotton supply.[14]. (6,400%). Slaves were most often beaten for working too slowly, stealing, running away, and disobeying owners or overseers. There is simply no other historical document quite like it. 73086 Washington DC 20056-3086 Read More. 1860 slave census schedule from Monroe County, Alabama. Home Mississippi State University How Did Slaves Get To Alabama? By the 1870 census, Many enslaved women were owned by small farmers and worked as domestic servants. [4][5] Within 20 years of becoming a state, Alabama was the largest cotton producer in the US, producing 23% of the nation's cotton crop. Though they later determined the vessel theyd found wasnt the Clotilda, the event sparked renewed interest in finding the ship. Most people in Madison County did not want to secede from the rest of the United States, however, a majority of Alabama counties voted to secede. The last U.S. census slave schedules were and Mobile counties in Alabama all saw increases in the colored population between 1860 and transcriber has chosen to use the term slaveholder rather than slave owner, so that questions The family was a fundamental survival mechanism that helped slaves cope with the horrors of their circumstances. This transcription includes 61 slaveholders who held 35 or more slaves in Limestone County, accounting for 3,824 slaves, or about 47% of the County total. They were saying that they knew that their families in Africa had been looking for them, Diouf says. Embed <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/1860-slave-census-schedule-from-monroe-county-alabama/"><img src="https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/1860-census.jpg?w=640"></a> Clarke County, Alabama. The process of The 3,500 square foot display has nearly 195 historical objects dating back to more than 350 years ago from the wreck of an actual slave ship and authentic artifacts from various West African . Slavery was officially abolished in the United States, following the end of the US Civil War by the Thirteenth Amendment which took effect on December 18, 1865. What State Has Most Songs Written About It? African American Research, Part 1 out of 7,000 free persons, held 20-30% of the total number of slaves in the U.S. family tree, surname, vital records, biography, or otherwise [6][7], The Alabama Fever land rush was underway when the state was admitted to the Union, with settlers and land speculators pouring into the state to take advantage of fertile land suitable for cotton cultivation. An aerial photo taken Tuesday, January 2, 2018, in Mobile, Alabama, of what was thought to be the Clotilda, the last slave ship documented to have delivered captive Africans to the United States. population decreased about 10% to 7,253. Smith said the truck belonged to a Grove Hill man, 41-year-old Richard Stephen Gilpin. SURNAME MATCHES AMONG AFRICAN AMERICANS ON 1870 CENSUS. related terms such as African American, black, mulatto and colored are used as in the source or at And when they were interviewed, their wish was for the interviewers to give their African names, their original names, so that if the story could ever go to Africa, their families would know that they were still alive.. Enter your email address to subscribe to this website and receive notifications of new posts by email. The state legislature conscripted soldiers and appropriated several million dollars for military operations and for the support of the families of soldiers. Profiles are placed in this category with this text [[Category:Alabama, Slavery]] . What Is The Oldest School In Mississippi? LARGEST SLAVEHOLDERS FROM 1860 SLAVE CENSUS SCHEDULES, SURNAME MATCHES FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS ON 1870 CENSUS. 1850. The collection contains over 20,000 pages of type-scripted interviews with more than 3,500 former slaves collected over a ten year period. Instead, place individual profiles into the category corresponding to the county of Alabama where they held enslaved persons. PLEASE HELP! Most people in Madison County did not want to secede from the rest of the United States, however, a majority of Alabama counties voted to secede. Alabama freedpeople welcomed emancipation but endured continuing hardships because of the prevailing and pervasive racial prejudices of the state's white inhabitants. When enslaved folks were sold or bequeathed through the enslavers family, they would, in most cases, only know their mothers last name.

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